Tal, I think you provided a great description of the authentic leader.  I especially think your points about internal compass - a knowing about the right way to go, and self-awareness - understanding one's emotional experience and how that can impact others, are hallmarks of the authentic leader experience.

We all know leaders that are developing.  They may be today's managers, working on authenticity, and not yet having traveled through a crucible experience that marks the authentic leader as a person of constant integrity.  In contrast to authentic leaders, servant leaders, and character-based leaders, the world has a plentiful supply of leaders in progress.  We could call them "imperfect leaders" and yet we know that all of us are less than perfect.

How do we help the emerging leaders to become authentic? I believe these people need supportive guidance, challenging experience that helps to establish new levels of meaning, and sufficient pause and reflection to incorporate what has been learned out of painful growth into their daily philosophy of work.